The visa · Andorra
Andorra
Andorra has a dedicated digital-nomad residence permit created by its 2022 digital-economy law, alongside the self-employed residence route and a passive-residence route whose price rose to one million euros in February 2026. The nomad permit suits people who serve clients outside Andorra, can prove income and housing, and can accept a 90-day-a-year presence rule; the self-employed route suits those who want certainty and are willing to form a company. The one thing to know before applying: approval depends on a favourable resolution from the ministry responsible for the economy, and advisers report refusals even when the paper requirements are met.
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The routes
Researched 11 September 2026 · rules as of September 2026 · as published, not legal advice
Nomad visa
Digital Nomad Residence (D.3)
Autorització de residència per a nòmada digital / Digital nomad residence authorisation (Llei 42/2022 de l'economia digital, l'emprenedoria i la innovació, amending Llei qualificada d'immigració 9/2012)
Remote employees and freelancers whose work needs no fixed location and who serve clients or employers outside Andorra, who can live in Andorra at least 90 days a year and do not want to form a local company.
- Income floor
- The official procedure page requires proof of sufficient economic means without publishing a figure. Advisers report the practice is around three times the Andorran minimum wage, quoted as roughly 3,900 euros a month for 2025; that multiple is not printed on the government page and should be treated as reported, not published.
- Duration
- 2 years initially; first renewal 2 years; second renewal 3 years; later renewals 10 years (different cadence for nationals of states with a bilateral convention with Andorra).
- Cost
- Government fee 224.61 euros per the e-tramits procedure page. Some advisers quote about 2,500 euros plus 500 euros per person; that appears to be adviser or other-route pricing and is disputed between sources.
- Processing
- Maximum resolution time two months for the immigration decision, per the official page; the prior ministry-of-economy resolution has no published statutory time. Advisers describe the ministry stage as slow and unpredictable.
- Eligibility
- Any nationality; must fall within the quota (Decree 11/2023 set 50 places for digital nomads plus 50 for the entrepreneur programme, and no later nomad quota decree was found); work must be done entirely by telecommunications and technology with no required geographic location; favourable resolution from the ministry responsible for the economy; clean criminal record from country of origin and all previous countries of residence; health and incapacity insurance; medical examination; housing that meets habitability standards; commitment to principal and effective residence of at least 90 days a year. Advisers report Catalan A1 at first renewal and A2 at second under the 2024 language law.
- Work rights
- Remote work for clients or entities not resident in Andorra, as reported by advisers and consistent with the law's definition; the permit is a residence-without-local-work category, so local employment and local clients are not what it authorises. Holders are not required to contribute to CASS (Andorran social security) and must hold private insurance instead.
- Dependants
- Spouse or stable partner and children can be regrouped; advisers state family reunification is possible after three months of residence, with the principal's means required to cover dependants. The per-dependant figure is not published on the official page.
- Leads to
- Counts as legal residence. Andorran naturalisation generally requires very long residence (widely reported as 20 years, 10 years for those schooled in Andorra) and renunciation of other nationalities; the long-term 10-year renewal is the practical endpoint for most.
- Apply
- In person, by appointment, at the Immigration Service in Andorra la Vella (the e-tramits page states in-person delivery only), after first obtaining the ministry-of-economy resolution. Andorra has no consular visa network; non-EU applicants enter via Spain or France under Schengen rules.
Documents Valid passport (or national ID card for EU/EEA citizens) · Criminal record certificates from the country of origin and every prior country of residence, legalised · Recent colour photo 35 x 45 mm, under six months old · Favourable resolution from the ministry responsible for the economy confirming the remote-work activity · Proof of ownership or rental of housing meeting habitability standards · Proof of sufficient financial means · Health and incapacity insurance certificate · Consent to a medical examination · Signed commitment to reside at least 90 days per year
Freelance / self-employed
Self-employed residence (J.1, 'residència activa per compte propi')
Autorització de residència i treball per compte propi / Residence and self-employed work authorisation
Freelancers and founders who want a predictable route, are willing to form an Andorran company they own more than 34 per cent of and manage, and can pay 50,000 euros to the state.
- Income floor
- No published income floor; instead a 50,000-euro payment to the Andorran Financial Authority (AFA), non-refundable since Law 2/2026 took effect on 13 February 2026 unless the initial application is refused. Law 2/2026 exempts projects in the digital economy, innovation and high-technology sectors from that payment, with detail left to regulation.
- Duration
- 1 year initially; renewable three times for 2 years each; after 7 years renewals are for 10 years.
- Cost
- Government fee 190.96 euros, plus the 50,000-euro AFA payment and company-formation costs.
- Processing
- Maximum 60 working days for the immigration decision. Advisers report about 3 months for professional-qualification recognition and up to 6 months end to end when foreign-investment authorisation and company formation are included.
- Eligibility
- Any nationality; must fall within the quota (Decree 75/2026: 200 authorisations for 2026, reported as 30 for liberal professions, 20 for doctors, 150 for other self-employed activity); prior foreign-investment authorisation; shareholding above 34 per cent and a seat on the management body; clean criminal record; medical examination; housing; advisers cite 183 days a year of effective presence and tax residence, though the e-tramits page does not print a day count. Law 2/2026 adds substance checks at renewal: the company must hold a registered, active business licence and generate income.
- Work rights
- Full work rights for the holder's own business in Andorra, local clients allowed, and the holder must register and contribute to CASS as self-employed.
- Dependants
- Family regrouping available for spouse or partner and children once the holder is resident; details and means test set by the immigration regulations, not printed on the procedure page.
- Leads to
- Counts toward long-term residence (10-year renewals after 7 years) and toward the long naturalisation clock.
- Apply
- In person at the Immigration Service, Andorra la Vella; no online submission.
Documents Application form and valid passport · Legalised criminal record certificates and sworn declaration on criminal record · Proof of housing · Civil-status documents (marriage or birth certificates) · CV with qualifications · Foreign-investment authorisation and company incorporation documents · Consent to medical examination · CASS contribution record if previously employed in Andorra · Comú (parish) registration within three months of approval
Residence
Passive residence (D.1.1, 'residència sense activitat lucrativa')
Autorització de residència sense activitat lucrativa / Residence without gainful activity
Wealthy remote earners who can lock one million euros into Andorran assets and only need to be present 90 days a year; rarely the first choice for working nomads since the February 2026 increase.
- Income floor
- Annual income above 300 per cent of the Andorran annual minimum wage for the principal plus 100 per cent of that indicator per dependant (advisers compute roughly 54,900 euros for 2026 from a reported minimum wage of 1,525.33 euros a month; the wage figure was not verified on an official page), plus a permanent investment of at least 1,000,000 euros in Andorran assets under Law 2/2026 (previously 600,000 euros; the e-tramits page as fetched still showed the old 600,000-euro figure and old deposit amounts, so figures are disputed between the law and the procedure page).
- Duration
- 2 years initially; renewals of 2, 3 and then 10 years.
- Cost
- The e-tramits page lists a fee of 2,500 euros for the principal and 500 euros per dependant, plus a payment of 50,000 euros to the AFA and 12,000 euros per dependant, non-refundable under Law 2/2026 unless the initial application is refused.
- Processing
- Maximum resolution time two months.
- Eligibility
- Any nationality, with quota priority to nationals of treaty states, then EU/EEA, then others (Decree 74/2026: 163 passive-residence authorisations for the current quota); at least 90 days of principal and effective residence a year; illness, incapacity and old-age insurance (illness only for minors and over-60s); housing; clean criminal record; medical examination. Financial instruments and Andorran funds count for at most 36 months before the money must move into property or company shares; each property must be worth at least 800,000 euros where real estate is used.
- Work rights
- No gainful activity in Andorra; income must come from outside. Remote work for foreign clients is what holders in practice do, but the permit does not authorise local employment or local clients.
- Dependants
- Spouse or partner and dependent children can be included; 12,000 euros AFA payment and 100 per cent of the minimum-wage indicator per dependant.
- Leads to
- Counts as residence; 10-year renewals from the third renewal; naturalisation clock as for other residents.
- Apply
- In person at the Immigration Service, Andorra la Vella.
Documents Passport · Legalised criminal record certificates · Proof of housing (owned or rented) · Civil-status documents · Proof of income and of the investment or a commitment to invest · Insurance certificates · Consent to medical examination
Long stay
Residence for professionals with international projection
Autorització de residència per a professionals amb projecció internacional
Self-employed professionals whose clients are overwhelmingly outside Andorra and who prefer a non-working residence category to forming a company; a small route with only 10 places in the current quota.
- Income floor
- Not published on the pages opened; advisers describe a foreign-client threshold and a means test, which could not be verified here.
- Duration
- 2 years initially; renewals of 2, 3 and then 10 years (same family as other non-working residence permits).
- Cost
- Not verified; the non-working residence family carries an AFA payment, but the amount for this sub-category was not confirmed on an official page.
- Processing
- Maximum resolution time two months for non-working residence categories.
- Eligibility
- Any nationality; within the quota (Decree 74/2026 allots 10 authorisations); priority to treaty-state nationals, then EU/EEA, then others; 90 days a year of effective residence; insurance, housing, clean criminal record and medical examination as for other non-working permits.
- Work rights
- Professional activity from Andorra for clients mostly abroad; not a permit for local employment.
- Dependants
- Family regrouping available as for other residence categories; means test details not verified.
- Leads to
- Counts as residence with 10-year renewals from the third renewal.
- Apply
- In person at the Immigration Service, Andorra la Vella.
Documents Passport and legalised criminal record certificates · Proof of professional activity and of clients outside Andorra · Proof of housing and insurance · Consent to medical examination
Without a visa, by passport
The stay you get on arrival, and whether working remotely on it is tolerated
- EU / EEA / SwitzerlandNo visa; Andorra issues no visas at all. Tourist stays are limited to 90 days a year under Andorran rules; entry is by land through Spain or France.Working remotely on a tourist stay is not addressed in any published rule found; treated as grey in practice. EU/EEA nationals get quota priority for residence permits after treaty-state nationals.
- United KingdomSchengen visa-free 90 days in any 180 governs entry via Spain or France; Andorra allows up to 90 days a year as a tourist.Passport should be stamped at the Spanish or French border to avoid Schengen-day disputes. Remote work on a tourist stay is unregulated and grey. A UK-Andorra tax treaty was signed in February 2025 and was pending ratification at last report.
- United StatesSchengen visa-free 90 days in any 180; Andorra tourist stay up to 90 days a year.No published statement on remote work by visitors; grey. Days in Andorra do not count as Schengen days but the stamp trail must show exit and re-entry.
- CanadaSchengen visa-free 90 days in any 180; Andorra tourist stay up to 90 days a year.Remote work on a visitor stay is not addressed in published rules; grey.
- AustraliaSchengen visa-free 90 days in any 180; Andorra tourist stay up to 90 days a year.Remote work on a visitor stay is not addressed in published rules; grey.
- IndiaSchengen visa required to reach Andorra; a multiple-entry visa is needed to re-enter Spain or France afterwards. Andorra itself asks for no visa.Remote work on a Schengen short-stay visa is outside its purpose; treated as forbidden or grey depending on the issuing state. Residence-permit holders who are not EU/EEA nationals must keep valid Schengen entry status under Decree 74/2026.
- BrazilSchengen visa-free 90 days in any 180; Andorra tourist stay up to 90 days a year.Remote work on a visitor stay is not addressed in published rules; grey.
- South AfricaSchengen visa required to reach Andorra; multiple-entry visa needed to return to Spain or France.Remote work on a short-stay Schengen visa is outside its purpose; grey to forbidden as published by the issuing state.
- JapanSchengen visa-free 90 days in any 180; Andorra tourist stay up to 90 days a year.Remote work on a visitor stay is not addressed in published rules; grey.
- TurkeySchengen visa required to reach Andorra; multiple-entry visa needed to leave via Spain or France.Remote work on a short-stay Schengen visa is outside its purpose; grey to forbidden as published by the issuing state.
Tax
When the country starts counting you as its taxpayer
- Residency trigger
- Tax resident under the IRPF (personal income tax) law if present in Andorra more than 183 days in the calendar year, or if the main centre of economic activities or interests is in Andorra, directly or indirectly. The tax year is the calendar year; returns are filed between 1 April and 30 September of the following year.
- Special regime
- No special newcomer or nomad regime. The general scale applies: the first 24,000 euros are effectively exempt, 5 per cent applies between 24,000 and 40,000 euros via a maximum 800-euro deduction, and 10 per cent above; capital income carries a flat 10 per cent withholding. Digital-nomad permit holders become tax resident only if they meet the IRPF tests, and the permit itself needs just 90 days of presence.
- Social security
- Self-employed residents must register with CASS within 30 days of starting activity and pay 22 per cent (10 per cent general branch, 12 per cent retirement) of a chosen base tied to the previous year's average monthly salary of 2,672.52 euros; reduced bases from 25 per cent (146.99 euros a month, net income under 6,000 euros) up to 137.5 per cent (808.44 euros a month, net income over 50,000 euros). Digital-nomad and passive residents are not enrolled in CASS and must hold private health and incapacity insurance. Certificate-of-coverage rules depend on bilateral social-security agreements, which Andorra has with only a few states; none was verified for this piece.
- Treaties
- Andorra counts 21 signed double-taxation conventions, including Spain, France, Portugal, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Malta, Cyprus, San Marino and Hungary; the United Kingdom convention was signed in February 2025 and was awaiting parliamentary ratification at last report, with banks running explanatory sessions in April 2026. There is no treaty with the United States, Canada, Australia, India, Brazil or South Africa, so a remote employee or contractor from those countries relies on domestic unilateral relief and on Andorra's IRPF deduction for international double taxation.
Practicalities
- Address registration
- Every residence permit requires registration with the comú (parish council) of residence within three months of the authorisation and proof of that registration to Immigration in the same window; housing must meet habitability standards and be owned or leased in the applicant's name.
- Health insurance
- Digital-nomad and passive residents must show private illness and incapacity cover (passive residents also old-age cover); self-employed residents join CASS, which covers public healthcare after registration.
- Border stamps and Schengen days
- Andorra is outside Schengen and has no airport; non-EU visitors and residents should have passports stamped when crossing from Spain or France, and non-EU residence-permit holders must keep valid Schengen entry status to travel in and out. Since April 2026 non-EU passive residents must show 90 days of effective presence a year to keep Schengen circulation rights.
- Tax filing
- IRPF returns are filed between 1 April and 30 September for the previous calendar year; income from property or employment above 24,000 euros triggers a filing obligation.
- Property purchase
- Foreign buyers pay a foreign real-estate investment tax of 6 per cent on a first property and 10 per cent on the second and later under Law 2/2026, with ownership caps of one plot, one house, two flats and six parking spaces unless properties go into regulated long-term rental.
- Language
- Advisers report that the 2024 language law requires Catalan A1 at the first residence renewal and A2 at the second; the official procedure page does not spell this out.
- Overstay
- Andorra publishes no visitor-overstay penalty scale on the pages opened; the practical exposure is on the Schengen side when re-entering Spain or France beyond 90 days in 180.
Andorra: a low-tax microstate with a real digital-nomad permit, a tiny quota and a hard-to-predict ministry gate
Where remote workers base and why
Andorra is a 468-square-kilometre principality between Spain and France with no airport, no visa system of its own and a 10 per cent income-tax ceiling. Remote workers cluster in Andorra la Vella, Escaldes-Engordany and the ski parishes, reaching Barcelona or Toulouse by road in two to three hours.
The draw is fiscal and practical: the first 24,000 euros of income are effectively untaxed, the top rate is 10 per cent, and the digital-nomad permit requires only 90 days of presence a year. The friction is scale. The nomad quota published in 2023 was 50 places, the whole non-working residence quota for 2026 is 200, and housing is scarce and expensive by Iberian standards.
What applicants report about the process
The nomad route has two gates. The ministry responsible for the economy must first issue a favourable resolution confirming that the work is location-independent and serves the digital economy; only then does Immigration decide within its two-month limit. Advisers who file these cases describe the ministry stage as opaque, with refusals for applicants who met every written requirement, and several steer clients toward the self-employed route for certainty.
The self-employed route costs a 50,000-euro payment that stopped being refundable on 13 February 2026, unless the project falls under the digital-economy exemption that Law 2/2026 leaves to later regulation. Reported timelines run to six months when foreign-investment approval and company formation are included. Both routes require in-person filing in Andorra la Vella, legalised criminal-record certificates from every prior country of residence, and a medical examination.
Money, banking and social security
Bank account opening rules were not verified from a primary source for this piece; applicants commonly report that Andorran banks want the residence authorisation or a signed lease plus source-of-funds evidence before opening an account. The passive-residence route now needs one million euros in Andorran assets and a 50,000-euro non-refundable payment, which removes it from most nomads' menus.
Self-employed residents pay CASS at 22 per cent of a chosen base; at the default 100 per cent base that is 587.95 euros a month in 2026, with reduced bases for lower net income. Nomad and passive residents stay out of CASS and buy private cover instead. Tax residence follows the 183-day or centre-of-interests test regardless of permit type.
What is changing
The direction since 2024 is restriction. Law 2/2026 doubled the foreign real-estate tax, raised the passive-residence investment, made state payments non-refundable and added substance checks at self-employed renewals. The March 2026 quota decree cut non-working residence places from 600 to 200 and ranks applicants by nationality group.
On the border side, the EU Entry/Exit System and the April 2026 agreement on effective presence mean non-EU residents can no longer treat an Andorran card as a loose Schengen pass. The pending UK-Andorra tax treaty is the one change likely to help British remote earners once ratified.
Researched from e-tramits.ad · e-tramits.ad · e-tramits.ad · govern.ad · addwill.ad · portaljuridicandorra.ad · e-tramits.ad · cass.ad · govern.ad · altaveu.com · the authority